Certification: Obtaining professional National Certification for members.If a grant eligible entity is not currently compliant with this Act 13 Grant Program or the Fire Company and Emergency Medical Service Grant Program (FCEMSGP) is delinquent in loan payments to the Pennsylvania Volunteer Loan Assistance Program (VLAP) or is not reporting to the Pennsylvania Fire Information Reporting System (PennFIRS) then the entity is not eligible to apply for this 2020 Act 13 Grant Program. You may apply for a grant in only one of the three eligible program projects: certification, equipment, or training. The Act 13 UGWF Grant Program provides grants for volunteer and career fire, emergency medical services, and rescue companies throughout the 40 counties of Pennsylvania (PDF) where unconventional gas well drilling has been permitted, or those counties that directly border the permitted counties and who respond to gas well related emergencies. And as housing demands increased for Black people in the North, so did discriminatory housing practices that led to a rise of urban ghettos, where African Americans were excluded from white neighborhoods and relegated to inadequate, overcrowded and insanitary living conditions.– The final report of grant completion for the 2021 Act 13 UGWF grant year must be completed and returned. Philip Randolph founded the first predominantly Black labor union, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, to draw attention to the discriminatory hiring practices and working conditions for African Americans. But with more work came more exploitation. Many who migrated to the North found jobs in the automobile, steel, shipbuilding and meatpacking industries. More specifically, the 1920s represented economic and political uplift for African Americans that threatened the social hierarchy of Jim Crow oppression.ĭuring this decade, Black Americans sought stable employment, better living conditions and political participation. Millions of people, not just in the South, but across the country, including the west coast, Midwest and Northeast joined the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s.īy the middle of the decade, the KKK had two million members, many who believed the Klan represented a return to all the “values” that the fast-paced, city-slicker Roaring Twenties were trampling. The Great Migration of African Americans from the Southern countryside to Northern cities and the increasing visibility of Black culture-jazz and blues music, for example, and the literary movement known as the Harlem Renaissance-discomfited some white Americans. Immigrants were hardly the only targets in this decade. This led to the passage of an extremely restrictive immigration law, the National Origins Act of 1924, which set immigration quotas that excluded some people (Eastern Europeans and Asians) in favor of others (Northern Europeans and people from Great Britain, for example). An anti-Communist “Red Scare” in 19 encouraged a widespread nativist and anti-immigrant hysteria. Prohibition was not the only source of social tension during the 1920s. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) chronicled the Jazz Age. Some older people objected to jazz music’s “vulgarity” and “depravity” (and the “moral disasters” it supposedly inspired), but many in the younger generation loved the freedom they felt on the dance floor. Jazz bands played at venues like the Savoy and the Cotton Club in New York City and the Aragon in Chicago radio stations and phonograph records (100 million of which were sold in 1927 alone) carried their tunes to listeners across the nation. (Some pundits called them “bedrooms on wheels.”) What many young people wanted to do was dance: the Charleston, the cake walk, the black bottom, the flea hop The Jazz AgeĬars also gave young people the freedom to go where they pleased and do what they wanted. Meanwhile, an economy of automobiles was born: Businesses like service stations and motels sprang up to meet drivers’ needs. In 1929 there was one car on the road for every five Americans. Low prices (the Ford Model T cost just $260 in 1924) and generous credit made cars affordable luxuries at the beginning of the decade by the end, they were practically necessities. But the most important consumer product of the 1920s was the automobile.
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